Friday, 15 March 2013

David (Hulme)

I lived for three years in one of the now-demolished Hulme crescents in Manchester. There were four of them, colossal jerry-built follies designed by Hugh Wilson and Lewis Womersley and named after 18th century architects, John Nash, Charles Barry, Robert Adam and William Kent. They were built to house 13,000 Mancunians but by the time I moved in few families remained and it was a student ghetto. I lived in Robert Adam Crescent in a large second floor flat I shared with three other undergraduates - Sam, Dahyu and Dom. The place was crumbling.

In A Guide to the New Ruins of Great Britain  (Verso, 2010), the formidably gifted topographical writer Owen Hatherley interviews Liz Naylor, a fanzine editor, screenwriter and former Hulme resident, who recalls:

A 'Hulme look' developed when the whole male population of Hulme seemed to be wearing the clothes of dead men and everyone looked as if they had stepped out of the 1930s with baggy suits and shirtless ties.

I can vouch for the dead men's clobber, although 'shirtless ties' may have been after my time. When Warren Beatty came to the area to shoot Reds in 1981 hundreds of student extras were recruited for the crowd scenes and didn't need much in the way of make up, haircuts or costume.

That the flats were infested with cockroaches and hazy with asbestos dust was beside the point. That the balconies were sure-fire death traps for small children, and that the underfloor heating didn't work was also beside the point. They were rent-free, that was the point, and within walking distance of the university, the then-grimy and untenanted city centre, the now legendary Factory Club (known to us as the PSV) and the wonderful Aaben cinema (see below). The barman in our local, the Grant's Arms, later became a world-famous pop star. There were very few cars around, all the pubs were rough, there was just one horrible supermarket, and a godsend chippie. There was also, one hot summer, a rooftop sniper. His (or perhaps her) troubling presence is seldom mentioned in accounts of the estate.

Was I happy there? Not at all. But I was young, which involved a different kind of unhappiness, and the prevailing register was one of self-conscious miserabilism. Young and intense, in a dead man's suit and long overcoat, always damp and musty smelling. The coat and its owner, that is. I was glumly in love, hard up (though never broke), drinking in sour smoke-filled pubs and unaware that the grotty estate would thirty years on become a celebrated dystopian bohemia, or bohemian dystopia. But that is what it is, at least for writers like Hatherley, born in 1981. It's a sign of our dire times that a writer of his generation (which means for me the next generation) can see in the vanished Hulme estate a land of lost content.

Fearless
Dead men's clothes

But I should mention what really was special about the Crescents (for me at least) - the Aaben cinema, a few yards away from our rotting and cockroach-infested and stone-cold, rent-free student shit-hole. There were four screens, and you paid once to get in and could stay in the warm until closing time for programmes of - well everything. I sometimes saw a dozen films a week. The walls between the studios were so thin that any given film was accompanied by at least one other audible soundtrack from next door. It was a flea-pit that smelled like a waterlogged fairground but warmer and cosier than our flat, and I gorged myself on Whale, Welles and Wiene, Fassbender and Fellini, and Godard, and Truffaut. Tarkovsky! Kurosawa! And my first encounter with Renoir one cold Spring afternoon: Le Crime de Monsieur Lange. The programming had no rhyme or reason - mixing blockbusters (Raiders of the Lost Ark) with Polish masterpieces (Closely Observed Trains), so (as Henri Langlois did at the Cinematheque in Paris) we solitary groovers created our own montage in the dark. You could smoke in the auditorium, and the movies were projected above our heads through a blue-grey haze only slightly less toxic than the asbestos mist in the kitchen at home. I still have my old membership card:




Picture palace



Black and white images © Ian Robinson, www.starfishprime.co.uk

Sunday, 10 March 2013

Mongoose Civique



It was the Scottish poet Norman Cameron (Oxford contemporary of Auden, best friend of Dylan Thomas and aide to Robert Graves and Laura Riding in Majorca), who, obliged to earn a living as an advertising copywriter at J. Walter Thompson, came up with an entirely fictitious malady called 'Night Starvation', the only cure for which was a bedtime mug of Horlicks. Cameron was never a big name, wrote only seventy-odd poems and died young. He is largely forgotten today, but he wrote some very good stuff - and contributed at least one indispensable phrase to the language:

          I, who should command a regiment,
          Do amble amiably here, O God,
          One of the neat ones in your awkward squad.

Or so I thought. But (if Wikipedia is a reliable guide) 'the awkward squad' has been around since the 18th century. Shortly before his death in 1796 Robert Burns said: 'Don't let the awkward squad fire over me', suggesting an established slang term for untrained, undisciplined troops. The phrase has more recently been applied to left-wing trades union leaders like Bob Crow and Mark Serwotka, opposed to New Labour policies. Was Cameron merely the first to use the phrase in a poem? No mean accomplishment.

Other poets have dabbled in commerce. In 1955 the American poet Marianne Moore was briefly employed as a consultant by the Ford Motor Company. David Wallace, manager of marketing research, invited her to submit 'inspirational names' for the company's exciting E-car project. After a month's work she came up with nineteen, including the following:

Magigravue 

Turcotingo

Chaparral

Resilient Bullet

Ford Silver Sword

Mongoose Civique

Varsity Stroke

Pastelogram

Andante con Moto


A month later she had another flash of inspiration and submitted Utopian Turtletop. 

I like and admire all of these, of course. They're altogether more swaggering and upbeat than Martin Amis's sourly satirical Ford Fiasco.

The E-car was eventually launched - a disastrously unpopular model named after Henry Ford's only son. The Ford Edsel was named after Edsel Ford. Perhaps it would have fared better as the Mongoose Civique. Some cultural pundits have speculated that the car's remarkable lack of success was down to the 'vaginal' radiator design. I don't suppose Marianne Moore had a hand in that.




Saturday, 9 March 2013

On Berthold Wolpe



Let us now praise Berthold Wolpe (1905 - 1989).

There have never been better-looking dust wrappers (or jackets, as collectors apparently call them), than those he designed for the publishers Faber and Faber - over 1,500 covers between 1941 and 1975. Bold and simple, they stand out a mile. Wolpe wasn't alone - Faber employed a wonderful cohort of artists including Edward Bawden, Barnett Freedman, David Jones, Charles Mozley and Rex Whistler. But it is Wolpe's designs that dazzled, and which did most to establish the distinctive look of Faber's books for over thirty years.

We'll start with a favourite writer, a remarkable book and an absolutely perfect design:




Wolpe's Alexandria Quartet designs are among his best. I get the impression that Durrell isn't much read these days. I've yet to meet anyone who has read the excellent two-volume novel sequence Tunc and Numquam.




Two very different poets from the mighty Faber list get the Wolpe treatment:



This cover - for Robert Lowell's best collection - uses Wolpe's elegant Albertus typeface (which can be seen on street signs throughout the City of London).




The rippling waves and marine colouring of Pincher Martin reflect the Icarus myth of the content. We seem no longer to employ 'by' or 'a novel by' on book covers. I expect in this case it was to disambiguate the novel's title and the author's name.





The first grown-up poetry book I bought was Ted Hughes's Wodwo (above) and ever since then the acquisition of a complete set of Wolpe-designed Faber poetry volumes has been one of my 'thin continuous dreams' (as Larkin put it). Here's his under-rated novel, and another striking Wolpe design:



Not all authors admired the Faber style. Lawrence Durrell wrote to Wolpe in 1961 to complain about the cover for his 1947 novel The Dark Labyrinth:


Dear Mr Wolpe,

It was good of you to send the cover mock-up. But what am I to tell you honestly? It seems to me
beyond words horrible; and yet this is offensive to say to an artist of experience like yourself. This
dreadful puce! And I really think that two drunken snails dipped in permanganate could have produced more aesthetically pleasing shapes…

Judge for yourself:




Here's a good article about Wolpe: http://www.thethoughtfox.co.uk/?p=5442

All images © Faber and Faber and the Estate of Berthold Wolpe

Friday, 8 March 2013

Bewitched



I have a review in this week's Times Literary Supplement of a fine new book about the American photographer Maynard L. Parker. His Kodachrome images of stylish mid-century interiors appeared in 'shelter magazines', and most influentially in House Beautiful, edited by Elizabeth Gordon and used by her as a bully pulpit to promote an American alternative to the austerity of international modernism.

Here's a paragraph from the TLS review (which I extract as a preamble to what follows):


[A] useful starting point for newcomers is the Stephens residence at 1164 Morning Glory Circle, Westport, Connecticut. This was the fictional address of the mortal advertising executive Darren Stephens and his sorceress wife Samantha in the popular 1960s television show Bewitched. Their open-plan house featured the kind of decor approved by the editor of House Beautiful - bare brick fireplaces, acres of pale unpatterned carpets, large lamps, hefty glass-topped tables, low-backed sofas, splashy abstract artworks and shelves of fat books and pre-Columbian knick knacks, with lots of textures and colours and casually square good taste. Their world, supernatural mayhem aside, seemed stable and secure and contented.



Remember Bewitched? It was one of a string of imported American sit coms with a suburban setting and a supernatural slant. I Dream of Jeannie was another, in which a Chuck Yeager-style astronaut (played, I suddenly remember, by the late Larry Hagman) had his own glamorous djinn (Barbara Eden, in a sexy candy-coloured harem outfit). Mix-ups ensued, with (as we used to say) "hilarious results".

There's an undertow of occult mayhem in Cold War American television sitcoms - spectral allies and adversaries, sudden transformations and anarchic inversions, with time frozen, accelerated and even reversed. We mortals were at the sharp end of random spiritual antics, our destinies prone to arbitrary unseen interventions. It's almost as if . . .  but enough already. I need hardly add that I had a teenage crush on the glamorous Elizabeth Montgomery, who played Samantha Stephens - a fine comic actress who perfected the rarely-seen triple-take when at odds with her gormless spouse Darren, played by Dick York.

I also recall Sam's eccentric relations - her snapdragon mother Endora (played by Agnes Moorhead, a long way from Citizen Kane), her groovy mini-skirted dark-haired cousin (played in split-screen by Montgomery) and above all her outrageously camp uncle Arthur who had a wonderfully sardonic nasal whine. He was played by Paul Lynde (1926-82) who clearly relished the role and delivered every line with a rich cackle, a roll of the eyes and the threat of supernatural anarchy. 


He and the epicene Dr Zachary Smith (of Lost in Space fame) were my generation's earliest exposure to theatrical camp acting (although neither of them appeared to be acting so much as simply being themselves, only more so.) Smith, played with feline ambiguity by the excellent Jonathan Harris, was a dazzlingly elaborate monster - vain, cowardly, and amoral. He constantly aspired to better things, European things - fine wines, haute cuisine, the life of the mind - and had a wonderfully antagonistic relationship with the butch, barrel-chested robot ("Danger! Danger!") and a freckle-faced boy named Will, a Sissy Spacek lookalike.

I suppose Dr Smith and Sam's uncle Arthur had their British counterparts in Charles Hawtrey and Kenneth Williams in the hard-to-admire Carry On film series, the real difference being the regular weekly exposure of the two Americans to younger, tea-time audiences.

Was camp witchcraft a creative response to Cold War paranoia? Susan Sontag doesn't say anything about this in her celebrated essay. The academics contributing to the Maynard L. Parker book are united in seeing the once-desirable suburban ranch houses he photographed, and in which the Stephens lived so eventfully, as essentially flawed - not aesthetically but as models for living.

Attractive to parents with young families who could afford them, they soon became suffocatingly isolated environments for housewives and teenagers, and today seem to represent everything that's wrong with the American Dream. The end of the Cold War and its associated anxieties rendered these plush retreats unappealing, but the entirely fictional Stephens' residence is still my dream home.


Wednesday, 6 March 2013

Grand illusion


Now this is really something special. An optical illusion (new to me, but apparently well-established). Give it a couple of minutes.

http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ig/Optical-Illusions/spinning-dancer-illusion.htm

Tomorrow's blog is all about arranged marriages between the dead . . . so form an orderly queue.

Tuesday, 5 March 2013

Narcissus is an oldie

'Narcissus lean and slippered' in Samuel Beckett's translation of Ernst Moerman's poem about Louis Armstrong (see last Saturday's blog) got me thinking. Narcissus is usually portrayed as a handsome youth, as that's what the myth insists upon. But the name Narkissos (Greek: Νάρκισσος), possibly comes from ναρκη (narke) meaning 'sleep' or 'numbness' and has nothing to do with beauty. It is all to with self-absorption.

Auden had his own take on the story:

Narcissus does not fall in love with his reflection because it is beautiful, but because it is his. If it were his beauty that enthralled him, he would be set free in a few years by its fading.


Daumier had a similar thought, portraying the enraptured twit as a spindly, big-nosed, middle-aged creature:



I'm not sure whether this 1842 lithograph of le beau Narcisse is some kind of political satire or aimed at a particular individual, although the figure reminds me of the potty French writer Michel Houellebecq. It puts me in mind of a witty thing the actress Joan Collins once said: 'to be born beautiful like being  born rich and growing a little poorer every day'.

Daumier was an artist Auden particularly admired: ('All Cezanne's apples I would give away / For one small Goya or a Daumier' he wrote, in Letter to Lord Byron.) Every man, said Auden elsewhere, secretly loves his own pot belly because it incorporates the feminine, allowing him freedom from the fretful and time-consuming pursuit of sex. Well, it's a theory. Auden's 1973 poem A Lullaby is one of the last he wrote, and has a nod to the Narcissus myth. Not his best, perhaps, but a favourite of mine, and here it is:


The din of work is subdued,
another day has westered
and mantling darkness arrived.
Peace! Peace! Devoid your portrait
of its vexations and rest.
Your daily round is done with,
you've gotten the garbage out,
answered some tiresome letters
and paid a bill by return,
all frettolosamente.
Now you have licence to lie,
naked, curled like a shrimplet,
jacent in bed, and enjoy
its cosy micro-climate:
Sing, Big Baby, sing lullay.

The old Greeks got it all wrong:
Narcissus is an oldie,
tamed by time, released at last
from lust for other bodies,
rational and reconciled.
For many years you envied
the hirsute, the he-man type.
No longer: now you fondle
your almost feminine flesh
with mettled satisfaction,
imagining that you are
sinless and all-sufficient,
snug in the den of yourself,
Madonna and Bambino:
Sing, Big Baby, sing lullay.

Let your last thinks all be thanks:
praise your parents who gave you
a Super-Ego of strength
that saves you so much bother,
digit friends and dear them all,
then pay fair attribution
to your age, to having been
born when you were. In boyhood
you were permitted to meet
beautiful old contraptions,
soon to be banished from earth,
saddle-tank loks, beam-engines
and over-shot waterwheels.
Yes, love, you have been lucky:
Sing, Big Baby, sing lullay.

Now for oblivion: let
the belly-mind take over
down below the diaphragm,
the domain of the Mothers,
They who guard the Sacred Gates,
without whose wordless warnings
soon the verbalising I
becomes a vicious despot,
lewd, incapable of love,
disdainful, status-hungry.
Should dreams haunt you, heed them not,
for all, both sweet and horrid,
are jokes in dubious taste,
too jejune to have truck with.
Sleep, Big Baby, sleep your fill.




© the Estate of W. H. Auden